Kodi khansa ya mmimba ndi chiyani? Kodi zizindikiro ndi njira zochizira ndi chiyani?

Kodi khansa ya mmimba ndi chiyani? Kodi zizindikiro ndi njira zochizira ndi chiyani?
Khansara ya mmimba imayamba chifukwa cha kugawanika kwa maselo mmimba mwachilendo. Mimba ndi chiwalo chokhala ndi minofu chomwe chili kumtunda kwa pamimba pamimba kumanzere, pansi pa nthiti.

Khansara ya mmimba imayamba chifukwa cha kugawanika kwa maselo mmimba mwachilendo. Mimba ndi chiwalo chokhala ndi minofu chomwe chili kumtunda kwa pamimba pamimba kumanzere, pansi pa nthiti. Chakudya chotengedwa pakamwa chimaperekedwa kumimba kudzera kukhosi. Zakudya zomwe zimafika mmimba zimatha kusungidwa mmimba kwakanthawi. Kenako amawonongedwa ndi kugayidwa.

Mimba imakhala ndi magawo anayi: "cardia", yomwe imatchedwa chitseko cha mmimba chomwe chimagwirizanitsa ndi "fundus", yomwe ili kumtunda kwa mimba, "corpus", yomwe ndi thupi la mmimba, " pylorus", yomwe imagwirizanitsa mmimba ndi matumbo aangono.

Khansara ya mmimba, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti khansa ya mmimba, imatha kuchokera mbali iliyonse ya mmimba. Mmadera ambiri padziko lapansi, kumene anthu ambiri amadwala khansa ya mmimba ndi thupi la mmimba. Komabe, ku United States, malo ofala kwambiri kumene khansa ya mmimba imayambira ndi mphambano ya mmimba, kumene mmimba ndi kummero zimalumikizana.

Khansara ya mmimba ndi matenda omwe akupita patsogolo pangonopangono. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 60s ndi 80s.

Kodi Mitundu Ya Khansa Yammimba Ndi Chiyani?

Khansara ya mmimba imachokera ku maselo a glandular omwe amaphimba mkati mwa mimba mu 95% ya milandu. Khansara ya mmimba imatha kufalikira ndikufalikira ku khoma la mmimba komanso mpaka magazi kapena ma lymphatic circulation.

Khansara ya mmimba imatchulidwa molingana ndi selo lomwe idachokera. Zina zodziwika bwino za khansa ya mmimba ndi izi:

  • Adenocarcinoma : Ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya mmimba. Chotupa chimapanga kuchokera ku glandular yomwe ili mkati mwa mimba.
  • Lymphoma : Amachokera ku maselo a lymphocyte omwe amatenga nawo mbali mu chitetezo cha mthupi.
  • Sarcoma : Ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imachokera ku minofu yamafuta, minofu yolumikizana, minofu kapena mitsempha yamagazi.
  • Khansara ya Metastatic : Ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa khansa zina monga khansa ya mmawere, khansa ya mmapapo kapena khansa ya khansa ya mmimba kupita mmimba, ndipo minofu ya khansa yoyamba si mmimba.

Mitundu ina ya khansa ya mmimba, monga chotupa cha carcinoid, cell carcinoma yaingono ndi squamous cell carcinoma, ndizochepa.

Kodi Zomwe Zimayambitsa Khansa ya Mmimba Ndi Chiyani?

Njira yomwe imayambitsa kukula kosalamulirika ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo mmimba ndikuyambitsa khansa sikudziwika bwino. Komabe, zadziwika kuti pali zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya mmimba.

Chimodzi mwa izi ndi mabakiteriya a H.pylori, omwe angayambitse matenda osawoneka bwino komanso zilonda zammimba. Matenda a gastritis, omwe amatchedwa kutupa kwa mmimba, kuperewera kwa magazi mthupi, komwe kumakhala mtundu wanthawi yayitali wa kuchepa kwa magazi mthupi, ndi ma polyps, omwe ndi matupi otuluka mmimba, amawonjezera ngoziyi. Zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya mmimba ndizomwe zili pansipa:

  • Kusuta
  • Kunenepa kapena kunenepa kwambiri
  • Kudya kwambiri zakudya zosuta komanso zamchere
  • Kudya pickle kwambiri
  • Kumwa mowa nthawi zonse
  • Kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya mmimba chifukwa cha zilonda zammimba
  • Gulu la magazi
  • Matenda a Epstein-Barr virus
  • Majini ena
  • Kugwira ntchito mmakampani a malasha, zitsulo, matabwa kapena mphira
  • Kuwonekera kwa asbestos
  • Kukhala ndi wina mbanjamo yemwe ali ndi khansa ya mmimba
  • Kukhala ndi Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) -Lynch Syndrome kapena Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

Khansara ya mmimba imayamba ndi kusintha kwa DNA, chibadwa cha maselo a mmimba. Kusintha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti maselo a khansa agawikane ndikupulumuka mwachangu pomwe maselo athanzi amafa. Mkupita kwa nthaŵi, maselo a khansa amaphatikizana ndi kuwononga minofu yathanzi. Choncho, imatha kufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya mmimba ndi ziti?

Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha khansa ya mmimba ndi kuchepa thupi. Wodwala amataya 10% kapena kuposerapo kwa kulemera kwa thupi lake mmiyezi 6 yapitayi. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zitha kuwonedwa ngati zizindikiro zoyamba za khansa ya mmimba:

  • Kusadya chakudya
  • Kudzimva kutupa pambuyo kudya
  • Kupsa mtima pachifuwa
  • Nseru pangono
  • Kutaya njala

Zizindikiro monga kusadya bwino kapena kutentha pachifuwa chokha siziwonetsa khansa. Komabe, ngati madandaulowo ndi ochuluka ndipo zizindikiro zoposa chimodzi zikuwonekera, wodwalayo amayesedwa kuti ali ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya mmimba ndipo mayesero ena angapemphedwe.

Pamene kukula kwa chotupa kumawonjezeka, madandaulo amakula kwambiri. Mmagawo omaliza a khansa ya mmimba, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zitha kuchitika:

  • Mmimba kuwawa
  • Kuwona magazi mu chopondapo
  • Kusanza
  • Kuonda popanda chifukwa chenicheni
  • Zovuta kumeza
  • Maso achikasu achikasu ndi khungu lachikasu
  • Kutupa mmimba
  • Kudzimbidwa kapena kutsekula mmimba
  • Kufooka ndi kutopa
  • Kupweteka pachifuwa

Madandaulo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo amafunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala.

Kodi Khansa ya Mmimba Imadziwika Bwanji?

Palibe kuyezetsa khansa ya mmimba. Pakhala kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha odwala khansa ya mmimba mzaka 60 zapitazi. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yabanja kapena ma syndromes omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha khansa ya mmimba ayenera kupita kukayezetsa nthawi zonse. Mbiri yachipatala ya wodwalayo imatengedwa ndipo kuyezetsa thupi kumayamba.

Ngati dokotala akuwona kuti ndi koyenera, akhoza kupempha mayesero ena monga awa:

  • Zolemba Zotupa: Mulingo wamagazi wazinthu zomwe zimadziwika kuti zolembera khansa (CA-72-4, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19-9)
  • Endoscopy: Mimba imawunikiridwa mothandizidwa ndi chubu chopyapyala komanso chosinthika komanso kamera.
  • Upper Gastrointestinal System Radiograph: Wodwala amapatsidwa madzi a choko otchedwa barium ndipo mimba imawonetsedwa mwachindunji pa radiograph.
  • Computed Tomography: Ndi chipangizo chojambula chomwe chimapanga zithunzi zatsatanetsatane mothandizidwa ndi X-ray.
  • Biopsy: Chitsanzo chimatengedwa kuchokera ku minofu ya mmimba yomwe ili ndi vuto ndikuwunikiridwa mozama. Kuzindikira kotsimikizika ndi biopsy ndipo mtundu wa khansa umatsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatira za pathology.

Magawo a Khansa ya Mmimba

Chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimatsimikizira chithandizo cha khansa ya mmimba ndi magawo a khansa ya mmimba. magawo a khansa ya mmimba; Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa chotupacho, kaya chafalikira ku lymph node, kapena ngati chafalikira kumalo ena osati mmimba.

Khansara ya mmimba ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa adenocarcinoma ndipo imayambira mucosa mmimba. Magawo a khansa ya mmimba amathandizira kudziwa momwe khansa imafalikira komanso njira zothandizira. Masitepe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito TNM system. Dongosololi limatengera magawo a Chotupa (chotupa), Node (lymph node) ndi Metastasis (kufalikira ku ziwalo zakutali). Magawo a khansa ya mmimba ndi awa:

Gawo la Khansa ya Mmimba 0 Zizindikiro

Gawo 0 : Ndi kukhalapo kwa maselo opanda thanzi omwe amatha kusandulika kukhala maselo a khansa mu epithelial wosanjikiza yomwe imaphimba mkati mwa mimba. Chithandizo chimatheka pochotsa mbali kapena mmimba mwa opaleshoni. Pamodzi ndi mmimba, ma lymph nodes pafupi ndi mimba, omwe ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chitetezo cha mthupi mwathu, amachotsedwanso.

Pa nthawiyi, khansayo imangokhudza maselo a mmimba ndipo sichinafalikire ku minofu yakuya kapena ma lymph nodes.

Mu siteji 0 (Tis N0 M0) ya khansa ya mmimba, khansayo yangokhudza maselo a mmimba ndipo sinafalikire ku minofu yakuya kapena ma lymph nodes. Choncho, zizindikiro za khansa pa siteji iyi zambiri wofatsa.

Matenda a Khansa ya Mmimba Gawo 1 Zizindikiro

Gawo 1: Panthawi imeneyi, mmimba muli maselo a khansa ndipo amatha kufalikira ku ma lymph nodes. Monga mu gawo 0, gawo kapena mmimba yonse ndi ma lymph nodes omwe ali pafupi amachotsedwa ndi opaleshoni. Chemotherapy kapena chemoradiation akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku chithandizo opaleshoni isanayambe kapena itatha.

Akachitidwa opaleshoni asanachite opaleshoni, amachepetsa kukula kwa khansa ndipo amalola kuti achotsedwe mwa opaleshoni, ndipo akachitidwa opaleshoni pambuyo pake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha maselo a khansa otsala pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndi kupha maselo a khansa. Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala, chemoradiotherapy imafuna kupha maselo a khansa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri zama radiation ndi radiotherapy.

Mugawo loyamba la khansa ya mmimba (T1 N0 M0), khansayo yafalikira pamwamba kapena pansi pa khoma la mmimba, koma sinafalikire ku ma lymph nodes kapena ziwalo zina. Zizindikiro pa siteji iyi zikhoza kukhala zofanana ndi siteji 0, koma pakhoza kukhala zizindikiro zina zomwe zimasonyeza kuti khansa yafalikira ku siteji yapamwamba kwambiri.

Khansara ya Mmimba Gawo 1 Zizindikiro;

  • Kupweteka kwa mmimba ndi kusapeza bwino
  • Indigestion kapena nseru
  • Kutaya njala ndi kuwonda
  • Kutuluka magazi kapena masanzi
  • Kutopa

Matenda a Khansa ya Mmimba Gawo 2 Zizindikiro

Gawo 2 : Khansara yafalikira kukuya kwa mmimba ndi ma lymph nodes. Mofanana ndi chithandizo cha siteji 1, chithandizo chachikulu mu siteji 2 chimakhala ndi chemotherapy kapena opaleshoni isanakwane kapena pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Khansara ya Mmimba Gawo 2 Zizindikiro;

  • Kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes
  • Kutopa
  • Kutuluka magazi kapena masanzi
  • Indigestion ndi nseru
  • Kulakalaka kudya ndi kuwonda

Mmimba Khansa Gawo 3 Zizindikiro

Gawo 3 : Khansara yafalikira ku zigawo zonse za mmimba ndi ziwalo zapafupi monga ndulu ndi mmatumbo. Ndi opaleshoni, mimba yonse imachotsedwa ndipo chemotherapy imaperekedwa. Komabe, ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa sapereka chithandizo chotsimikizirika, amachepetsa zizindikiro ndi ululu wa wodwalayo.

Khansara ya Mmimba Gawo 3 Zizindikiro;

  • Jaundice
  • Kuwonjezeka kwa magazi mthupi
  • Kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes
  • Kutopa
  • Kutuluka magazi kapena masanzi
  • Indigestion ndi nseru
  • Kulakalaka kudya ndi kuwonda

Mmimba Khansa Gawo 4 Zizindikiro

Gawo 4 : Khansara yafalikira ku ziwalo zomwe zili kutali ndi mimba, monga ubongo, mapapo ndi chiwindi. Ndizovuta kwambiri kupereka chithandizo, cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro.

Khansara ya Mmimba Gawo 4 Zizindikiro;

  • Kupweteka kwa mmimba ndi kusapeza bwino
  • Indigestion kapena nseru
  • Kutaya njala ndi kuwonda
  • Kutuluka magazi kapena masanzi
  • Kutopa
  • Jaundice
  • Kuwonjezeka kwa magazi mthupi
  • Kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes
  • Mavuto kupuma

Kodi Khansa ya Mmimba imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha khansa ya mmimba chimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe wodwalayo alili. Chithandizo cha khansa ya mmimba nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo njira imodzi kapena zingapo. Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya mmimba ndi izi.

Opaleshoni: Ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi pochiza khansa ya mmimba. Kuchita opaleshoni ndiko kuchotsa chotupacho. Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kuchotsa mmimba yonse (kuchotsa mimba yonse) kapena mbali yake yokha ( partial gastrectomy ).

Radiotherapy: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha maselo a khansa kapena kuwongolera kukula kwawo pogwiritsa ntchito cheza champhamvu kwambiri. Chithandizo cha radiation chingagwiritsidwe ntchito asanachite opaleshoni kapena pambuyo pake, kapena ngati khansa yafalikira.

Chemotherapy: Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti aphe maselo a khansa kapena kuwongolera kukula kwawo.

Kodi Mungatani Kuti Mupewe Khansa Yammimba?

Njira zina zopewera khansa ya mmimba zalembedwa pansipa:

  • Kusiya kusuta
  • Kulandira chithandizo ngati muli ndi zilonda zammimba
  • Kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi zakudya zokhala ndi fiber
  • Osamwa mowa
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga oletsa ululu ndi aspirin mosamala

Ngati muli ndi vuto lalikulu la mmimba kapena kudandaula kwakukulu monga kuwona magazi mchimbudzi chanu kapena kuchepetsa thupi mwamsanga, ndi bwino kuti mupite kuchipatala ndikupeza chithandizo kuchokera kwa madokotala apadera.

Kodi Opaleshoni ya Khansa Yammimba Ndi Yowopsa?

Opaleshoni ya khansa ya mmimba, monga njira iliyonse yopangira opaleshoni, imakhala ndi zoopsa. Komabe, ngozi za opaleshoni zingasiyane malinga ndi thanzi la wodwalayo, mlingo wa khansayo, ndi mtundu wa opaleshoniyo. Choncho, kuopsa ndi ubwino wa opaleshoni ya khansa ya mmimba iyenera kuyesedwa malinga ndi momwe wodwalayo alili. Zowopsa zomwe zingatheke kudwala khansa ya mmimba ndi monga;

  • Matenda
  • Kutuluka magazi
  • Zovuta za anesthesia
  • Kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo
  • Machiritso a chilonda
  • Mavuto odyetsa
  • Pali zoopsa zosiyanasiyana monga zovuta zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi Ubwino Wa Khansa Yammimba Ndi Chiyani?

Palibe chithandizo chachindunji chochiza kapena kuchiza matenda oopsa ngati khansa ya mmimba. Komabe, kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya mmimba komanso kumathandizira njira yochizira.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya mmimba ndi ziti?

Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha khansa ya mmimba ndi kuchepa thupi. Wodwala amataya 10% kapena kuposerapo kwa kulemera kwa thupi lake mmiyezi 6 yapitayi. Zina mwa zizindikiro zoyamba za khansa ya mmimba: kusadya bwino, kumva kutupa mukatha kudya, kumva kutentha pachifuwa, nseru pangono komanso kusafuna kudya.

Kodi Pali Mwayi Wopulumuka Khansa Yammimba?

Mwayi wokhala ndi moyo kwa munthu amene wapezeka ndi khansa ya mmimba umadalira pa zinthu zingapo. Zina mwa zinthu izi; Izi zikuphatikizapo siteji ya khansa, kuyankhidwa kwa chithandizo, mkhalidwe waumoyo wa wodwalayo, zaka, jenda, zakudya ndi zina zachipatala. Khansara ya mmimba yomwe imapezeka koyambirira nthawi zambiri imakhala yabwinoko chifukwa imayankha bwino chithandizo.

Kodi Zizindikiro za Khansa ya Mmimba ndi Mphuno Ndi Zomwezo?

Khansara ya mmimba (mmimba adenocarcinoma) ndi khansa ya mmatumbo (cancer colorectal) ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya khansa yomwe imakhudza machitidwe osiyanasiyana a ziwalo. Ngakhale mitundu yonse ya khansa ndi ya mmatumbo, zizindikiro zawo nthawi zambiri zimasiyana.

Kodi Kupweteka kwa Khansa ya Mmimba Kumamveka Kuti?

Kupweteka kwa khansa ya mmimba kumamveka mmimba. Komabe, malo enieni kumene ululuwo umamveka ndi makhalidwe ake amasiyana munthu ndi munthu.