Kodi Psoriasis ndi chiyani? Zizindikiro ndi Njira Zochizira

Kodi Psoriasis ndi chiyani?

Psoriasis, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti psoriasis, ndi matenda osachiritsika komanso osachiritsika ndipo amapezeka pafupifupi 1-3% padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri imayamba mzaka za makumi atatu, imatha kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse kuyambira kubadwa. Pali mbiri ya banja mu 30% ya milandu.

Mu psoriasis, ma antigen osiyanasiyana amapangidwa ndi maselo pakhungu. Ma antigen amenewa amagwira ntchito poyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Maselo oteteza chitetezo chamthupi amabwereranso pakhungu ndikupangitsa kuchuluka kwa maselo komanso kupangika kwa zolembera za psoriasis pakhungu. Chifukwa chake, psoriasis ndi matenda omwe thupi limayamba motsutsana ndi minofu yake. Matenda oterowo amatchulidwa ngati matenda a autoimmune.

Mu psoriasis odwala, T lymphocyte maselo a chitetezo cha m`thupi adamulowetsa ndi kuyamba kudziunjikira pakhungu. Pambuyo pakuwunjikana kwa maselowa pakhungu, moyo wa maselo ena akhungu umathamanga kwambiri ndipo maselowa amapanga mapangidwe a zolembera zolimba. Psoriasis imachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa maselo akhungu awa.

Maselo a khungu amapangidwa mzigawo zakuya za khungu, pangonopangono amakwera pamwamba, ndipo pakapita nthawi, amamaliza moyo wawo ndipo amakhetsedwa. Moyo wa maselo a khungu umatenga pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Odwala a psoriasis, moyo uno ukhoza kufupikitsidwa mpaka masiku angapo.

Maselo amene amamaliza moyo wawo sakhala ndi nthawi yoti agwe nkuyamba kuwunjikana pamwamba pa wina ndi mnzake. Zotupa zomwe zimachitika motere zimatha kuwoneka ngati zolembera, makamaka mmalo olumikizana, komanso mmanja, mapazi, khosi, mutu kapena khungu la wodwalayo.

Kodi Chimayambitsa Matenda a Psoriasis?

Chifukwa chachikulu cha psoriasis sichinawululidwe motsimikizika. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa akugogomezera lingaliro lakuti zinthu zokhudzana ndi majini ndi chitetezo cha mthupi zingakhale zothandiza pakukula kwa matendawa.

Mu psoriasis, yomwe ndi chikhalidwe cha autoimmune, maselo omwe nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi tizilombo tatingonotingono tatingonotingono timapanga ma antibodies motsutsana ndi ma antigen a maselo apakhungu ndikuyambitsa zotupa. Zimaganiziridwa kuti zinthu zina zachilengedwe ndi majini zingayambitse kukula kwa maselo a khungu omwe amabwereranso mofulumira kuposa momwe amachitira.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri izi ndi:

• Matenda a pakhosi kapena pakhungu
• Kuzizira ndi kouma nyengo
• Kuphatikizana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a autoimmune
• Zovulala pakhungu
• Kupsinjika maganizo
• Kusuta fodya kapena kusuta fodya
• Kumwa mowa kwambiri
• Pambuyo mofulumira discontinuation wa steroid linachokera mankhwala
• Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena malungo

Ku funso loti psoriasis ndi yopatsirana, yankho likhoza kuperekedwa kuti matendawa akhoza kuchitika mwa aliyense komanso kuti palibe kufalikira pakati pa anthu. Mbiri ya kuyambika kwa ubwana imatha kupezeka mu gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a milandu.

Kukhala ndi mbiri ya banja ndi chinthu chofunikira chowopsa. Kukhala ndi matendawa mwa achibale apamtima kungapangitse mwayi wowonjezereka wa munthu wodwala psoriasis. Psoriasis yobadwa mwachibadwa imapezeka pafupifupi 10% ya anthu omwe ali mgulu lachiwopsezo. Mwa 10% iyi, 2-3% imayambitsa psoriasis.

Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana awonetsa kuti pangakhale madera 25 amtima osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi chiopsezo cha psoriasis. Kusintha kwa zigawo za majinizi kungayambitse ma T cell kuti azichita zinthu mosiyana ndi momwe zimakhalira. Ziphuphu mu mawonekedwe a dilation mitsempha ya magazi, mathamangitsidwe wa selo mkombero ndi dandruff zimachitika pakhungu anaukira T maselo.

Kodi Zizindikiro ndi Mitundu ya Psoriasis ndi Chiyani?

Psoriasis imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali ndipo odwala ambiri amakhala ndi zotupa pakhungu komanso dandruff. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri kotala la milandu. Kuchira kodziwikiratu sikochitika, koma nthawi zina, nthawi ya chikhululukiro ndi kuwonjezereka kungachitike. Kupsyinjika, mowa, mavairasi kapena mabakiteriya angayambitse kupsa mtima. Kusuta fodya kulinso zina mwa zinthu zimene zingawonjezere matendawa.

Odwala ambiri ali ndi kuyabwa komanso zolembera pakhungu. Mmatenda ofala, pangakhale zovuta kusunga kutentha kwa thupi, kuzizira, kunjenjemera, ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni. Nthawi zina, rheumatism imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha psoriasis. Mu rheumatism yokhudzana ndi psoriasis, imatha kuchitika mmanja, zala, bondo, akakolo ndi mkhosi. Pazochitikazi, palinso zotupa pakhungu.

Zizindikiro za psoriasis zimatha kuwoneka paliponse pathupi, koma nthawi zambiri zimachitika mmawondo, zigongono, pakhungu ndi kumaliseche. Pamene psoriasis imapezeka pa misomali, maenje angonoangono, mabala achikasu-bulauni ndi makulidwe a misomali amatha kuchitika.

Psoriasis ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa zotupa pakhungu:

• Matenda a Psoriasis

Plaque psoriasis, kapena psoriasis vulgaris, ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa psoriasis ndipo umakhala pafupifupi 85% ya odwala. Amadziwika ndi zotupa zotuwa kapena zoyera pamiyala yofiyira. Nthawi zambiri zotupa zimachitika pa mawondo, zigongono, lumbar dera ndi scalp.

Zilondazi, zomwe zimasiyana kukula kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 10 centimita, zimatha kufika kukula komwe kumaphimba mbali ya thupi mwa anthu ena. Kuvulala komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zochita monga kukanda pakhungu lomwe latsala pangono kumayambitsa zilonda mderali. Izi, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti Koebner phenomenon, zingasonyeze kuti matendawa akugwira ntchito panthawiyo.

Kuzindikira kwa magazi a punctate mzitsanzo zotengedwa kuchokera ku zotupa za plaque psoriasis odwala kumatchedwa chizindikiro cha Auspitz ndipo ndikofunikira pakuzindikira matenda.

• Matenda a Psoriasis

Guttate psoriasis amapanga zotupa mu mawonekedwe a mabwalo angonoangono wofiira pakhungu. Ndilo gawo lachiwiri lodziwika bwino la psoriasis pambuyo pa plaque psoriasis ndipo limapezeka pafupifupi 8% ya odwala. Guttate psoriasis imayamba kuyambira ali mwana komanso akakula.

Zotsatira zake zimakhala zazingono, zotalikirana komanso zooneka ngati dontho. Zotupa, zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi pa thunthu ndi malekezero, zimatha kuwonekeranso pankhope ndi pamutu. Kuchuluka kwa zidzolo ndizocheperako kuposa za plaque psoriasis, koma zimatha kulimba pakapita nthawi.

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha guttate psoriasis. Matenda a pakhosi, kupsinjika maganizo, kuvulala pakhungu, matenda ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Chofala kwambiri chomwe chimapezeka mwa ana ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a streptococcus. Guttate psoriasis ndi mawonekedwe a psoriasis omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yonse.

• Pustular Psoriasis

Pustular psoriasis, imodzi mwa mitundu yoopsa ya psoriasis, imatulutsa ma pustules ofiira, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera. Zilonda zimatha kuchitika mmadera ambiri a thupi, kuphatikizapo malo akutali monga zikhatho za manja ndi mapazi, ndipo zimatha kufika kukula kwake komwe kumaphimba dera lalikulu. Pustular psoriasis, monga ma subtypes ena, imatha kukhudza malo olowa ndikuyambitsa dandruff pakhungu. Zotsatira za pustular zotupa zimakhala ngati matuza oyera, odzaza ndi mafinya.

Anthu ena, kuukira nthawi imene pustules zimachitika ndi nthawi chikhululukiro akhoza kutsatira cyclically. Pa mapangidwe a pustules, munthuyo akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro za chimfine. Kutentha thupi, kuzizira, kugunda mofulumira, kufooka kwa minofu ndi kutaya chilakolako ndi zina mwa zizindikiro zomwe zingachitike panthawiyi.

• Intertriginous Psoriasis

Mtundu uwu wa psoriasis, womwe umatchedwanso flexural kapena inverse psoriasis, nthawi zambiri umapezeka mmawere, mkhwapa ndi pakhungu la groin komwe khungu limapindika. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zofiira komanso zonyezimira.

Odwala omwe ali ndi intertriginous psoriasis, zotupa sizingachitike chifukwa cha chinyezi mmalo omwe zilondazo zimawonekera. Chenjezo liyenera kuchitidwa chifukwa matendawa amatha kusokonezedwa ndi matenda a bakiteriya kapena mafangasi mwa anthu ena.

Anthu omwe ali ndi psoriasis awa amapezeka kuti amatsagana ndi ma subtypes osiyanasiyana mmalo ena athupi. Chenjezo liyenera kuchitidwa chifukwa zotupa zimatha kuipiraipira ndi kukangana.

• Erythrodermic Psoriasis

Erythrodermic psoriasis, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti exfoliative psoriasis, ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri wa psoriasis womwe umapanga zotupa ngati zowotcha. Matendawa amatha kukhala ovuta kwambiri moti amafunika chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga. Kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zofunika kwambiri zogonera mchipatala mwa odwala otere.

Mu erythrodermic psoriasis, yomwe imatha kuphimba gawo lalikulu la thupi panthawi imodzi, khungu limawoneka ngati litatha kutentha kwa dzuwa. Zotupa zimatha kutukuka pakapita nthawi ndikugwa ngati nkhungu zazikulu. Ziphuphu zomwe zimachitika mumtundu wosowa kwambiri wa psoriasis zimakhala zoyabwa ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa ululu woyaka.

• Psoriatic Nyamakazi

Psoriatic nyamakazi ndi matenda a nyamakazi omwe ndi opweteka kwambiri ndipo amalepheretsa zochita za munthu, ndipo amakhudza pafupifupi munthu mmodzi mwa atatu aliwonse odwala psoriasis. Psoriatic nyamakazi imagawidwa mmagulu 5 osiyanasiyana malinga ndi zizindikiro. Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala kapena njira ina yochizira yomwe ingachiritse matendawa.

Psoriatic nyamakazi kwa odwala psoriasis, amene kwenikweni autoimmune matenda, kumachitika pambuyo chitetezo cha mthupi kulunjika mafupa ndi khungu. Matendawa, omwe amakhudza kwambiri ziwalo za manja, amatha kuchitika mmagulu aliwonse a thupi. Maonekedwe a zotupa pakhungu odwala zambiri zimachitika pamaso pa zochitika olowa madandaulo.

Kodi Psoriasis Amadziwika Bwanji?

Matenda a matendawa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi maonekedwe a zotupa pakhungu. Kukhalapo kwa psoriasis mbanja kumathandiza matenda. Nthawi zambiri, psoriasis imatha kupezeka poyangana thupi ndikuwunika zotupa zokha. Pakuwunika kwakuthupi, kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi psoriasis kumafunsidwa. Pazochitika zokayikitsa, biopsy yapakhungu imachitidwa.

Panthawi ya biopsy, kachikopa kakangono kamatengedwa ndipo zitsanzozo zimatumizidwa ku labotale kuti zikawunikidwe ndi maikulosikopu. Ndi njira ya biopsy, mtundu wa psoriasis ukhoza kufotokozedwa.

Kupatula njira ya biopsy, mayeso osiyanasiyana a biochemical amathanso kuchitidwa kuti athe kuzindikira psoriasis. Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi, rheumatoid factor level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), uric acid level, mayeso a mimba, magawo a hepatitis ndi kuyesa kwa khungu la PPD ndi zina mwa zida zowunikira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Kodi Psoriasis Amachizidwa Bwanji?

Malingaliro a wodwalayo amaganiziridwanso posankha chithandizo cha psoriasis. Popeza kuti chithandizocho chidzakhala cha nthawi yayitali, kutsata kwa wodwalayo ndi kukonzekera kwa mankhwala ndikofunikira kwambiri. Odwala ambiri amakhalanso ndi zovuta za metabolic monga kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa komanso hyperlipidemia. Izi zimaganiziridwanso pokonzekera chithandizo. Kukonzekera kwamankhwala kumachitika molingana ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa komanso ngati kumasokoneza moyo wabwino.

Zikapezeka kudera linalake la thupi, zopaka pakhungu zoyenera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma cream okhala ndi cortisone nthawi zambiri amakonda. Ma creams akulimbikitsidwa kuti khungu likhale lonyowa. Amayi oyembekezera amathandizidwa ndi zopaka zamphamvu za cortisone ndi phototherapy. Izi zisanachitike, gynecologist atha kufunsidwa kuti adziwe zambiri zomwe chithandizocho sichingavulaze.

Kirimu, gel, thovu kapena mankhwala opangidwa ndi utsi wokhala ndi corticosteroids atha kukhala othandiza pa psoriasis yofatsa komanso yocheperako. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku panthawi yowonjezereka, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali panthawi yomwe matendawa alibe. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali mankhwala amphamvu a corticosteroid kungayambitse kuwonda kwa khungu. Vuto lina lomwe limachitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali ndikuti mankhwalawa amataya mphamvu zake.

Pochita chithandizo chopepuka (phototherapy), cheza chachilengedwe ndi ultraviolet chamitundu yosiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuwala kumeneku kungathe kuchotsa maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi omwe alowa mmaselo athanzi a khungu. Pazovuta komanso zochepa za psoriasis, kuwala kwa UVA ndi UVB kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakuwongolera madandaulo.

Mu phototherapy, chithandizo cha PUVA (Psoralen + UVA) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi psoralen. Kuwala komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza psoriasis ndi cheza cha UVA chokhala ndi kutalika kwa ma nanometers 311 ndi kuwala kwa UVB komwe kumakhala ndi kutalika kwa 313 nanometers. Narrow band ultraviolet B (UVB) angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ana, amayi apakati, amayi oyamwitsa kapena okalamba. Mtundu wamtundu wa psoriasis womwe umayankha bwino pa phototherapy ndi guttate psoriasis.

Nthawi zina, madokotala angakonde mankhwala okhala ndi vitamini D. Phula la malasha lilinso mwa njira zochizira. Ma cream okhala ndi vitamini D amathandizira kuchepetsa kusinthika kwa maselo akhungu. Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi makala zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kirimu, mafuta kapena shampu.

Pazovuta kwambiri za psoriasis, mankhwala opangidwa mwadongosolo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera pa phototherapy ndipo mafuta opaka pamutu amawonjezeredwa ku mankhwalawa. Ndikofunika kuti khungu likhale lonyowa komanso lofewa. Thandizo ladongosolo lamankhwala limakondedwa makamaka ngati pali kutupa kwa mafupa ndi misomali.

Mankhwala a khansa monga methotrexate ndi cyclosporine, mitundu ya vitamini A yotchedwa retinoids ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi fumarate ndi ena mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza psoriasis. Odwala omwe chithandizo chamankhwala chikuyambika, kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse kuyenera kuchitidwa ndipo ntchito ya chiwindi ndi impso iyenera kuyanganiridwa mosamala.

Mankhwala a retinoid amalepheretsa kupanga maselo a khungu. Sitiyenera kuiwala kuti zotupa za psoriasis zitha kuchitikanso pambuyo posiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi retinoid amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, monga kutupa kwa milomo ndi tsitsi. Amayi apakati kapena amayi omwe akufuna kukhala ndi pakati pazaka zitatu sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi retinoids chifukwa cha zovuta zobadwa nazo.

Cholinga chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a chemotherapy monga cyclosporine ndi methotrexate ndikuletsa kuyankha kwa chitetezo chamthupi. Cyclosporine ndi yothandiza kwambiri pakuwongolera zizindikiro za psoriasis, koma mphamvu yake yofooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi imatha kupangitsa munthu ku matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana. Mankhwalawa amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zina, monga mavuto a impso ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi.

Zakhala zikudziwika kuti zotsatira zochepa zomwe zimachitika mukamagwiritsa ntchito methotrexate pa mlingo wochepa, koma siziyenera kuiwala kuti zotsatirapo zoyipa zimatha kuchitika ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali. Zotsatira zazikuluzikuluzi zimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi ndi kusokoneza kupanga maselo a magazi.

Mu psoriasis, pali zochitika zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndikupangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke. Izi ndi monga tonsillitis, matenda a mkodzo, kuwola kwa mano, kuwonongeka kwa khungu chifukwa cha kukanda, mikwingwirima ndi kukanda, mavuto amalingaliro, zochitika zowawa ndi kupsinjika maganizo. Mikhalidwe yonseyi iyenera kusamaliridwa moyenera. Odwala omwe akulandira chithandizo chamaganizo kuchokera kwa akatswiri a maganizo kapena akatswiri a maganizo ndi ena mwa njira zomwe zingakhale zopindulitsa.

Psoriasis ndi matenda omwe amawonekera kwambiri. Malingaliro abwino a wodwalayo pakupeza bwino angakhudze kwambiri momwe matendawa amakhalira. Ndizovomerezeka kuti njira zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala zimawathandiza mmaganizo ndipo zimakhala ndi malingaliro. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuti anthu omwe ali ndi psoriasis azikhala moyanganiridwa ndi dokotala komanso kuti apindule ndi njira zachikhalidwe.

Ubale pakati pa kadyedwe ndi moyo ndi psoriasis sunafotokozedwe bwino. Kuchotsa kunenepa kwambiri, kupewa kudya zinthu zomwe zili ndi mafuta a trans kapena achilengedwe, komanso kuchepetsa kumwa mowa ndikusintha kwadongosolo lazakudya zomwe zimayankha funso la zomwe zili zabwino kwa psoriasis. Nthawi yomweyo, odwala ayenera kusamala kuti ndi zakudya ziti zomwe amadya zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Kupanikizika ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa psoriasis. Kulimbana ndi kupsinjika kwa moyo kungakhale kopindulitsa pochepetsa kuchulukirachulukira komanso kuwongolera zizindikiro. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zopumira, kusinkhasinkha ndi machitidwe a yoga ndi zina mwa njira zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poletsa kupsinjika.