NYKodi endocrinology ya ana ndi chiyani?
Endocrinology ndi sayansi ya mahomoni. Mahomoni amaonetsetsa kuti ziwalo zonse zofunika pakukula bwino, chitukuko ndi moyo wa munthu zimagwira ntchito mogwirizana. Aliyense wa iwo amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku tiziwalo timene timatulutsa. Zinthu zomwe zimatchedwa matenda a endocrine zimachitika chifukwa cha tiziwalo timene timatulutsa, osapanga konse, kugwira ntchito mocheperapo, kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kapena kugwira ntchito mosakhazikika. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mahomoni imayanganira kubereka, kagayidwe, kukula ndi chitukuko. Mahomoni amawongoleranso momwe timayankhira ku chilengedwe chathu ndikuthandizira kupereka mphamvu yoyenera ndi zakudya zofunikira pa ntchito za thupi lathu.
Katswiri wa Endocrinology wa Ana makamaka amakumana ndi zovuta za mahomoni zomwe zimachitika paubwana komanso unyamata (zaka 0-19). Imayanganira kukula kwabwino kwa mwana, kutha msinkhu mu nthawi yake yabwino komanso kupita patsogolo kwa thanzi, komanso kusintha kwake kukhala wamkulu. Imakhudzana ndi matenda ndi chithandizo cha ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto la mahomoni kuyambira kubadwa mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka 18.
Ndi mtundu wanji wa maphunziro azachipatala omwe ma endocrinologists amalandila?
Akamaliza zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi za Faculty of Medicine, amamaliza maphunziro azaka 4 kapena 5 a Zaumoyo ndi Matenda a Ana. Kenako amathera zaka zitatu kuti aphunzire ndikupeza chidziwitso pakuzindikira, kuchiza ndi kutsata matenda a mahomoni (Digiri ya masters ya Child Endocrinology). Pazonse, zimatenga zaka zopitilira 13 kuphunzitsa ana endocrinologist.
Ndi matenda ati omwe amapezeka kwambiri a endocrine paubwana ndi unyamata?
Kutalika kochepa
Zimatsatira kukula kwa thanzi kuyambira kubadwa. Imayanganira ana obadwa ndi kulemera kocheperako komanso kutalika kocheperako ndikuwathandiza kuti azitha kucheza ndi anzawo athanzi. Amawunika ndikuchiza zovuta zomwe zimachitika panthawi yakukula. Kufupika kungakhale kwachibale kapena kamangidwe, kapena kungakhale chiwonetsero cha kuchepa kwa mahomoni kapena matenda ena. Endocrinology ya ana imawunika ndikuchiza zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mwana akhale wamfupi.
Ngati kutalika kwafupipafupi ndi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa hormone ya kukula, iyenera kuthandizidwa mwamsanga. Kutaya nthawi kungapangitse kuti muchepetse kutalika. Mmalo mwake, achinyamata omwe mbale yawo yakukulira yatsekedwa mwina ataya mwayi wawo wolandila chithandizo chamankhwala akukula.
Mnyamata Wamtali; Ana omwe ali aatali kwambiri kuposa anzawo ayenera kuyanganiridwa, komanso ana omwe ali aafupi.
Kutha msinkhu Koyambirira
Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwapayekha, kusakhazikika kwa ana aku Turkey kumayambira pakati pa zaka 11-12 kwa atsikana komanso pakati pa zaka 12-13 kwa anyamata. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina kutha msinkhu kumayambira pa msinkhu uwu, kutha msinkhu kumatha mofulumira mkati mwa miyezi 12-18, ndipo izi zimaganiziridwa kuti kutha msinkhu kumapita patsogolo mofulumira. Pankhani ya thanzi, ngati pali matenda omwe amafunikira kuwulula ndi kuchiza matenda omwe amayambitsa kutha msinkhu, ayenera kuchiritsidwa.
Ngati zizindikiro za kutha msinkhu sizikuwoneka mwa atsikana ndi anyamata azaka 14, ziyenera kutengedwa ngati Kuchedwa Kutha msinkhu ndipo chifukwa chake chiyenera kufufuzidwa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto ena omwe amawonekera paunyamata nthawi zambiri zimakhala mahomoni. Pachifukwa ichi, katswiri wa Pediatric Endocrine amayanganira kukula kwa tsitsi kwambiri paunyamata, mavuto a mmawere, mitundu yonse ya mavuto a msambo kwa atsikana, ndi Polycystic Ovary (mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 18).
Hypothyroidism / Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism, yomwe imadziwika kuti goiter, imatanthauzidwa ngati chithokomiro chomwe chimatulutsa timadzi tatingonotingono kapena tatingono kuposa momwe timayenera kuchitira. Hormone ya chithokomiro ndi hormone yofunikira kwambiri yomwe imakhala ndi zotsatira monga chitukuko cha nzeru, kukula kwa msinkhu, kukula kwa mafupa ndi kuthamanga kwa metabolism.
Mkhalidwe wobwera chifukwa chopanga timadzi tambiri ta chithokomiro kuposa momwe timakhalira ndipo kutulutsidwa kwake mmagazi kumatchedwa hyperthyroidism. Ma Endocrinologists a Ana amalandiranso maphunziro ochizira tinthu tatingonotingono ta chithokomiro, khansa ya chithokomiro, komanso minofu yokulirapo ya chithokomiro (goiter). Amawunika ana onse omwe ali ndi mbiri ya banja la Chithokomiro kapena Goiter.
Mavuto Osiyanitsidwa Pakugonana
Ndi vuto la kakulidwe limene silingadziwike kuti ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi ngati mtsikana kapena mnyamata pongomuona koyamba pamene wabadwa. Zimawonedwa ndi Mwana Wakhanda kapena Dokotala mwa ana obadwa mchipatala. Komabe, zitha kunyalanyazidwa kapena kuwonekera pambuyo pake.
Izi ndizofunikira ngati mazira sakuwonedwa mu thumba mwa anyamata, samakodza kuchokera ku nsonga ya mbolo, kapena mbolo ikuwoneka kuti ndi yayingono kwambiri. Kwa atsikana, ngati kutsegula kwa mkodzo kakangono kwambiri kapena kutupa kwazingono kumawonedwa, makamaka mmatumbo onse awiri, amawunikiridwa ndi katswiri wa Endocrine wa Ana asanachite opaleshoni.
Childhood Diabetes (Type 1 Diabetes)
Zitha kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse, kuyambira wakhanda mpaka unyamata. Kuchedwa kwa chithandizo kumapangitsa kuti zizindikiro zipitirire kukomoka ndi kufa. Chithandizo ndi chotheka kwa moyo wonse komanso ndi insulin yokha. Ana ndi achinyamatawa ayenera kuthandizidwa ndikuyanganiridwa mosamala ndi katswiri wa Endocrine wa Ana mpaka atakula.
Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 omwe amawonedwa ali mwana amathandizidwanso ndikuwunikidwa mosamala ndi katswiri wa Pediatric Endocrine.
Kunenepa kwambiri
Mphamvu zotengedwa mopitirira muyeso kapena zosagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, ngakhale paubwana, zimasungidwa mthupi ndipo zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti mphamvu zochulukirazi zimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri paubwana, nthawi zina mwana amatha kunenepa kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda a mthupi omwe amayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri, kapena matenda ena obadwa nawo komanso matenda angapo.
Iye ndi Katswiri wa Endocrine wa Ana yemwe amafufuza zomwe zimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri, amazisamalira pakafunika chithandizo, ndikuyanganira zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri.
Ma Rickets / Bone Health: Kusadya mokwanira kwa vitamini D kapena kusakwanira kwa mafupa chifukwa cha matenda obadwa nawo a vitamini D kumayambitsa matenda otchedwa rickets. Ma rickets, osteoporosis ndi matenda ena a metabolic ammafupa ndi ena mwa magawo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi endocrinology ya ana.
Mahomoni otulutsidwa ku Adrenal Gland: Amakhudza mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi (endocrine-induced hypertension), kulekerera kupsinjika / chisangalalo, jenda ndi kubereka. Ndi matenda obadwa nawo kapena opeza a adrenal gland muubwana, Ç. Endocrinologists ndi chidwi.