Kodi khansa ya chiwindi ndi chiyani? Kodi zizindikiro ndi njira zochizira ndi chiyani?

khansa ya chiwindi

Khansa ya chiwindi ndi zotupa zowopsa zomwe zimachokera ku minofu ya chiwalocho. Kuchuluka kwa matendawa kumasiyanasiyana mmadera. Ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi vuto lalikulu la thanzi la anthu, makamaka mmadera omwe matenda a Hepatitis B ali ofala, matendawa ndi mtundu wochepa wa khansa mmayiko otukuka kumene katemera ali wothandiza. Ndilofala kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi. Hepatocellular carcinoma yochokera ku hepatocyte, cell yogwira ntchito ya chiwindi, imapanga pafupifupi 90% ya khansa ya chiwindi. Zotsalirazo ndi zotupa zotchedwa cholangiocarcinoma, zomwe makamaka zimachokera ku ndulu za bile mkati mwa chiwindi. Zotupa zofala kwambiri mchiwindi ndi metastases. Metastasis ndi kufalikira kwa khansa kuchokera ku chiwalo china kapena minofu kupita ku chiwindi. Khansa yochokera ku mbali iliyonse ya thupi imatha kufalikira ku chiwindi.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya chiwindi

Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya chiwindi alibe zizindikiro kumayambiriro koyambirira, choncho, ngakhale palibe madandaulo, makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu monga matenda a cirrhosis, kutsata nkofunika kwambiri kuti azindikire msanga. Khansa ya chiwindi nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha kutupa mmimba, chikasu cha khungu, kuyabwa, kupweteka kuyambira kumtunda kumanja kwa pamimba ndikutuluka kumbuyo, kuwonda kwadzidzidzi, kusowa kwa njala kwa milungu ingapo, kumva kukhuta ndi kutupa pambuyo pake. kudya ngakhale kudya pangono, kutentha thupi, kutuluka thukuta usiku, kuwonongeka mwadzidzidzi kwa thanzi, kukodza kumawonekera ndi zizindikiro za jaundice monga mdima wakuda ndi chimbudzi. Ngakhale zambiri mwa zizindikirozi ndi zizindikiro zoopsa, sizimasiyanitsa zizindikiro za khansa ya mchiwindi chifukwa zonsezi zikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda ena monga matenda.

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya chiwindi ndi zowopsa

Ngakhale kuti chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya chiwindi sichidziwika bwino, pali matenda kapena zinthu zina zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizo zimayambitsa matendawa ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo chachikulu. Kukhala ndi jaundice chifukwa cha matenda a hepatitis B ndi ma virus a hepatitis C komanso kukhala wonyamula ma virus ndi zifukwa zofunika kwambiri. Khansara ya chiwindi ikhoza kuchitika patatha zaka zambiri kuchokera pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mutha kukhala ndi matendawa popanda kudandaula za ma virus a hepatitis, ndipo zitha kumveka kuti muli ndi matendawa poyezetsa magazi. Chipsera choyambitsa matenda a chiwindi (5% ya odwala matenda enaake amakhala pachiwopsezo cha khansa ya chiwindi), adenoma ya chiwindi, zinthu zina za khansa zomwe zimapezeka muzakudya, mankhwala ena ndi matenda a metabolic monga hemachromatosis, kudya anabolic steroids, chiwindi chamafuta, mbiri yakale yachiwindi. khansa, njere Zotchedwa aflatoxins opangidwa ndi bowa wamoyo wotchedwa Aspergillus, kusuta, arsenic, poizoni wopezeka mmadzi akumwa, matenda a shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, kukhala ndi chitetezo chofooka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya mapiritsi oletsa kubereka, mowa (1 pazochitika zitatu zilizonse. khansa ya chiwindi (i) imapezeka chifukwa cha mowa) ndi zina mwa zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya chiwindi.

Kodi khansa ya chiwindi imadziwika bwanji?

Ngakhale kuti mwayi wa matenda a khansa ya chiwindi ndi wochepa kwambiri, nzotheka kugwira matendawa asanayambe kupita patsogolo ndi kufufuza nthawi zonse, makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu. Matendawa amatha kupezeka ndi ultrasound, computed tomography ndi maginito resonance. Mayeso a alpha-fetoprotein amapangidwanso.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya chiwindi

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ndi khansa ya chiwindi yofala kwambiri ndipo njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira zilipo. Njira yochiritsira yomwe odwala amapindula kwambiri ndi chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Kuchotsa gawo la chiwindi kuti likhale ndi zotupa kapena kuika chiwindi ndi njira zothandizira. Zomwe zimaganiziridwa panthawi ya opaleshoni ndi chakuti chiwindi chotsalira ndi chapamwamba komanso kukula kwa wodwalayo. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, njira zomwe chotupacho chimawotchedwa (ablation therapy) kapena mankhwala a nyukiliya okhala ndi ma microspheres angagwiritsidwe ntchito mmatumbo omwe opaleshoni si oyenera kapena odwala omwe akuganiziridwa kuti sangathe kuchitidwa maopaleshoni akuluakuluwa.