Kodi Khunyu ndi Chiyani? Kodi zizindikiro za khunyu ndi zotani?

Kodi Khunyu ndi Chiyani? Kodi zizindikiro za khunyu ndi zotani?
Khunyu imatchedwa khunyu. Mu khunyu, kutulutsa mwadzidzidzi komanso kosalamulirika kumachitika mu neuroni muubongo. Zotsatira zake, kugunda mopanda dala, kusintha kwamalingaliro ndi kusintha kwa chidziwitso kumachitika mwa wodwalayo. Khunyu ndi matenda omwe amachititsa khunyu. Wodwalayo ali wathanzi pakati pa khunyu. Wodwala yemwe wangokomoka kamodzi pa moyo wake samatengedwa kuti ali ndi khunyu.

Khunyu ndi matenda anthawi yayitali, omwe amadziwikanso kuti khunyu. Mu khunyu, kutulutsa mwadzidzidzi komanso kosalamulirika kumachitika mu neuroni muubongo. Zotsatira zake, kugwedezeka kosadziletsa, kusintha kwamaganizo ndi kusintha kwa chidziwitso kumachitika mwa wodwalayo. Khunyu ndi matenda omwe amachititsa khunyu. Wodwalayo ali wathanzi pakati pa khunyu. Wodwala yemwe wangokomoka kamodzi pa moyo wake samatengedwa kuti ali ndi khunyu.

Padziko lonse lapansi pali odwala khunyu pafupifupi 65 miliyoni. Ngakhale kuti panopa palibe mankhwala omwe angapereke chithandizo chotsimikizirika cha khunyu, ndi vuto lomwe lingathe kuyendetsedwa ndi njira zopewera kugwidwa ndi mankhwala.

Kodi Khunyu Nchiyani?

Kukomoka, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ntchito zamagetsi muubongo ndipo kumatha kutsagana ndi zizindikiro monga kugwedezeka kwamphamvu komanso kutaya chidziwitso ndi kuwongolera, ndi vuto lalikulu la thanzi lomwe linalipo mmasiku oyambilira a chitukuko.

A khunyu zimachitika chifukwa synchronized kukondoweza wa gulu la minyewa maselo mu dongosolo mantha pa nthawi. Nthawi zina khunyu, kukomoka kwa minofu kumatha kutsagana ndi khunyu.

Ngakhale kuti khunyu ndi kukomoka ndi mawu ogwiritsiridwa ntchito mofananamo, kwenikweni sakutanthauza chinthu chomwecho. Kusiyana pakati pa khunyu ndi khunyu ndikuti khunyu ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kukomoka kobwerezabwereza komanso kodzidzimutsa. Kukomoka kamodzi kokha sikusonyeza kuti munthu ali ndi khunyu.

Kodi khunyu zimayambitsa chiyani?

Pali njira zambiri zomwe zingathandize kuti khunyu ikhudzidwe. Kusalinganika pakati pa malo opumula ndi chisangalalo cha minyewa kumatha kukhala maziko a neurobiological omwe amayambitsa khunyu.

Choyambitsa chake sichingadziwike mokwanira pazochitika zonse za khunyu. Zina mwa zifukwa zomwe zimazindikirika ndi kupwetekedwa mtima, kupwetekedwa mutu chifukwa cha ngozi zammbuyomu, mbiri ya kubadwa kovuta, kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha mmitsempha ya ubongo mzaka zaukalamba, matenda a kutentha thupi, kuchepa kwa shuga mmagazi, kusiya mowa, zotupa za intracranial ndi kutupa kwa ubongo. zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chizolowezi chokhala ndi khunyu. Khunyu imatha nthawi iliyonse kuyambira ali wakhanda mpaka ukalamba.

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zingapangitse kuti munthu ayambe kudwala khunyu:

  • Zaka

Khunyu imatha kuwonedwa mmagulu azaka zilizonse, koma magulu azaka zomwe matendawa amapezeka kwambiri ndi anthu omwe ali achichepere komanso akakwanitsa zaka 55.

  • Matenda a muubongo

Pali kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha khunyu mmatenda omwe amayamba ndi kutupa, monga meningitis (kutupa kwa nembanemba ya ubongo) ndi encephalitis (kutupa kwa ubongo).

  • Matenda a Ubwana

Kukomoka kosagwirizana ndi khunyu kumatha kuchitika mwa ana angonoangono. Kukomoka, komwe kumachitika makamaka mmatenda limodzi ndi kutentha thupi, nthawi zambiri kumatha mwana akamakula. Kwa ana ena, kukomoka kumeneku kumatha ndi kukula kwa khunyu.

  • dementia

Pakhoza kukhala chiwopsezo cha kukula kwa khunyu mu matenda monga Alzheimers disease, yomwe ikupita patsogolo ndi kutaya kwa chidziwitso.

  • Mbiri ya Banja

Anthu omwe ali ndi achibale apamtima omwe ali ndi khunyu amaonedwa kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chotenga matendawa. Pali pafupifupi 5% yotengera matendawa mwa ana omwe amayi kapena abambo awo ali ndi khunyu.

  • Zopweteka Zamutu

Khunyu ikhoza kuchitika mwa anthu pambuyo povulala mutu monga kugwa ndi zotsatira zake. Ndikofunika kuteteza mutu ndi thupi ndi zida zoyenera pazochitika monga kupalasa njinga, skiing ndi kukwera njinga zamoto.

  • Matenda a Mitsempha

Zikwapu, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mikhalidwe monga kutsekeka kapena kutuluka magazi mmitsempha yomwe imayambitsa mpweya komanso chithandizo chamankhwala muubongo, zimatha kuwononga ubongo. Minofu yowonongeka muubongo imatha kuyambitsa kukomoka kwanuko, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi khunyu.

Kodi zizindikiro za khunyu ndi zotani?

Mitundu ina ya khunyu imatha kuchitika nthawi imodzi kapena motsatana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizindikilo ndi zizindikilo zambiri ziwonekere mwa anthu. Kutalika kwa zizindikiro kumatha kusiyana ndi masekondi angapo mpaka mphindi 15.

Zizindikiro zina ndizofunikira chifukwa zimachitika munthu asanayambe khunyu:

  • Mkhalidwe wadzidzidzi wamantha kwambiri ndi nkhawa
  • Mseru
  • Chizungulire
  • Zosintha zokhudzana ndi masomphenya
  • Kulephera kulamulira pangono pamayendedwe a mapazi ndi manja
  • Kumva ngati mukuyenda kunja kwa thupi lanu
  • Mutu

Zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pazimenezi zingasonyeze kuti munthuyo wayamba kukomoka:

  • Kusokonezeka potsatira kukomoka
  • Kugunda kwa minofu kosalamulirika
  • Chithovu chotuluka mkamwa
  • Kugwa
  • Kukoma kwachilendo mkamwa
  • Kuluma mano
  • Kuluma lilime
  • Mwadzidzidzi isanayambike mofulumira diso kayendedwe
  • Kupanga mawu odabwitsa komanso opanda tanthauzo
  • Kulephera kulamulira matumbo ndi chikhodzodzo
  • Mwadzidzidzi kusintha maganizo

Kodi Mitundu ya Khunyu ndi Chiyani?

Pali mitundu yambiri ya khunyu yomwe tinganene kuti ndi khunyu. Kusuntha kwa maso pangono kumatchedwa kukomoka. Ngati khunyu likupezeka mmbali imodzi yokha ya thupi, amatchedwa focal seizure. Ngati kukomoka kumachitika mthupi lonse panthawi ya khunyu, wodwalayo amataya mkodzo ndikutulutsa thovu mkamwa, izi zimatchedwa kukomoka.

Pakukomoka kwanthawi zonse, muubongo wambiri mumakhala kutuluka kwa neuronal, pomwe kugwidwa kwachigawo, gawo limodzi lokha laubongo (lolunjika) ndilomwe limakhudzidwa. Pakukomoka koyangana, chidziwitso chikhoza kuyatsidwa kapena kuzimitsidwa. Matenda owopsa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matendawa amatha kukhala owopsa. Focal khunyu amawunikidwa mmagulu awiri. Kukomoka kosavuta komanso kukomoka (kovuta) kumapanga magawo awiriwa a khunyu.

Ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi chidziwitso pakukomoka kosavuta ndipo odwalawa amatha kuyankha mafunso ndi kulamula panthawi yogwidwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, anthu pambuyo losavuta focal khunyu akhoza kukumbukira kulanda ndondomeko. Pazovuta zovuta za khunyu, pamakhala kusintha kwa chidziwitso kapena kutaya chidziwitso, kotero anthuwa sangathe kuyankha moyenera mafunso ndi malamulo panthawi yogwidwa.

Kusiyanitsa kukhudzika kuwiri koyanganizana ndi kofunikira chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi khunyu zovuta sayenera kuchita zinthu monga kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina olemera.

Zizindikiro zina zimatha kuchitika mwa odwala khunyu omwe akukumana ndi khunyu losavuta:

  • Kugwedezeka kapena kugwedezeka mzigawo za thupi monga mikono ndi miyendo
  • Kusintha kwadzidzidzi komwe kumachitika popanda chifukwa chilichonse
  • Mavuto pakulankhula ndi kumvetsetsa zomwe zikulankhulidwa
  • Kumverera kwa deja vu, kapena kumverera kobwereranso mobwerezabwereza
  • Kusokonezeka maganizo monga kukwera mmimba (epigastric) ndi kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira
  • Kuwona zilubwebwebwebweta, kuthwanima kwa kuwala, kapena kumva kunjenjemera kwakukulu komwe kumachitika popanda kusonkhezeredwa ndi zomverera monga kununkhiza, kulawa, kapena kumva.

Pazovuta zovuta za khunyu, kusintha kumachitika mulingo wa kuzindikira kwa munthu, ndipo kusintha kwachidziwitsoku kumatha kutsagana ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana:

  • Zomverera zosiyanasiyana (aura) zomwe zikuwonetsa kukula kwa khunyu
  • Kuyangana pamalo okhazikika
  • Mayendedwe opanda pake, opanda cholinga komanso obwerezabwereza (automatism)
  • Kubwereza mawu, kukuwa, kuseka ndi kulira
  • Kusayankha

Pakukomoka kwanthawi zonse, mbali zambiri zaubongo zimathandizira pakukula kwa khunyu. Pali mitundu 6 yonse ya kukomoka kokhazikika:

  • Mu tonic mtundu wa khunyu, pali mosalekeza, amphamvu ndi koopsa m`malo okhudzidwa mbali ya thupi. Kusintha kwa minofu kungayambitse kuuma kwa minofuyi. Minofu ya mkono, mwendo ndi kumbuyo ndi magulu a minofu omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mtundu wa tonic seizure. Kusintha kwa chidziwitso sikumawonedwa mumtundu wa khunyu.

Kukomoka kwa tonic nthawi zambiri kumachitika munthu akagona ndipo nthawi yake imasiyanasiyana pakati pa 5 ndi 20 masekondi.

  • Mu mtundu wa clonic seizure, kusinthasintha kobwerezabwereza komanso kupumula kumatha kuchitika mminyewa yomwe yakhudzidwa. Mitsempha ya khosi, nkhope ndi mkono ndi magulu a minofu omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mtundu uwu wa kulanda. Kusuntha komwe kumachitika panthawi yogwidwa sikungathe kuimitsidwa mwaufulu.
  • Tonic-clonic seizures amatchedwanso grand mal seizures, kutanthauza matenda aakulu mu French. Kugwidwa kotereku kumakhala pakati pa mphindi 1-3, ndipo ngati kumatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa mphindi 5, ndi imodzi mwazochitika zadzidzidzi zomwe zimafunikira kuthandizidwa. Kupweteka kwa thupi, kunjenjemera, kulephera kulamulira matumbo ndi chikhodzodzo, kuluma lilime ndi kutaya chidziwitso ndi zina mwa zizindikiro zomwe zingachitike panthawi ya kugwidwa kwamtunduwu.

Anthu omwe ali ndi tonic-clonic khunyu amamva kutopa kwambiri pambuyo pogwidwa ndipo samakumbukira nthawi yomwe chochitikacho chinachitika.

  • Mu atonic khunyu, womwe ndi mtundu wina wa khunyu, anthu amataya chikumbumtima kwakanthawi kochepa. Mawu akuti atony amatanthauza kutayika kwa minofu, zomwe zimayambitsa kufooka kwa minofu. Anthu akayamba kugwidwa ndi mtundu woterewu, amatha kugwa pansi mwadzidzidzi ngati atayima. Kutalika kwa kukomoka kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosakwana masekondi khumi ndi asanu.
  • Myoclonic khunyu ndi mtundu wa khunyu wamba womwe umadziwika ndi kugwedezeka mwachangu komanso modzidzimutsa mminyendo ya mwendo ndi mkono. Kugwidwa kwamtunduwu nthawi zambiri kumakhudza magulu a minofu kumbali zonse za thupi panthawi imodzi.
  • Popanda kukomoka, munthuyo amakhala wosalabadira ndipo kuyangana kwawo kumangoyangana pa mfundo imodzi, ndipo kutaya chidziwitso kwakanthawi kochepa kumachitika. Zimapezeka makamaka kwa ana azaka zapakati pa 4-14 ndipo zimatchedwanso kuti petit mal seizures. Kukomoka, komwe nthawi zambiri kumayamba kuyenda bwino asanakwanitse zaka 18, zizindikiro monga kumenya milomo, kutafuna, kuyamwa, kusuntha kosalekeza kapena kusamba mmanja, komanso kunjenjemera kosawoneka bwino mmaso.

Mfundo yakuti mwanayo akupitirizabe ntchito yake yamakono ngati kuti palibe chomwe chinachitika pambuyo pa kugwidwa kwakanthawi kochepa kameneka ndi kofunikira kuti adziwe kuti palibe kugwidwa.

Palinso mtundu wina wa kukomoka kwa somatosensory komwe kumakhala dzanzi kapena kumva kuwawa kwa gawo la thupi. Mu kukomoka kwa psychic, mantha adzidzidzi, mkwiyo kapena chisangalalo zitha kumveka. Zitha kutsagana ndi kuyerekezera zinthu mmaganizo kapena kumva.

Momwe Mungadziwire Khunyu?

Kuti muzindikire khunyu, mchitidwe wa khunyu uyenera kufotokozedwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe amawona kugwidwa amafunikira. Matendawa amatsatiridwa ndi ana kapena akuluakulu a ubongo. Mayeso monga EEG, MRI, computed tomography ndi PET angapemphedwe kuti azindikire wodwalayo. Kuyeza mma labotale, kuphatikizapo kuyeza magazi, kungakhale kothandiza ngati zizindikiro za khunyu zimaganiziridwa kuti zimayamba chifukwa cha matenda.

Electroencephalography (EEG) ndi kufufuza kofunikira kwambiri pozindikira matenda a khunyu. Pakuyesa uku, zochitika zamagetsi zomwe zimachitika muubongo zimatha kulembedwa chifukwa cha ma elekitirodi osiyanasiyana omwe amayikidwa pa chigaza. Ntchito zamagetsi izi zimatanthauzidwa ndi dokotala. Kuzindikira zochitika zachilendo zomwe zimasiyana ndi zachilendo kungasonyeze kukhalapo kwa khunyu mwa anthuwa.

Computerized tomography (CT) ndi kuyesa kwa radiological komwe kumalola kujambula ndikuyangana chigaza. Chifukwa cha CT, madokotala amawunika ubongo modutsana ndikuwona zotupa, zotupa kapena malo omwe amatuluka magazi omwe angayambitse khunyu.

Kujambula kwa maginito kwa maginito (MRI) ndi kufufuza kwina kofunikira kwa radiological komwe kumalola kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane minofu ya muubongo ndipo kumathandiza pozindikira khunyu. Ndi MRI, zolakwika zomwe zingayambitse khunyu zimatha kuzindikirika mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo.

Pakuwunika kwa positron emission tomography (PET), mphamvu yamagetsi ya muubongo imawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito milingo yochepa ya zinthu zotulutsa ma radio. Kutsatira kuwongolera kwa chinthu ichi kudzera mumtsempha, chinthucho chimadikirira kupita ku ubongo ndipo zithunzi zimatengedwa mothandizidwa ndi chipangizo.

Kodi Mungachiritse Bwanji Khunyu?

Chithandizo cha khunyu chimapangidwa ndi mankhwala. Matenda a khunyu amatha kupewedwa kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a khunyu pafupipafupi panthawi yonse ya chithandizo. Ngakhale pali odwala omwe salabadira chithandizo chamankhwala, palinso mitundu ya khunyu yomwe imatha kuthana ndi zaka, monga khunyu paubwana. Palinso mitundu ina ya khunyu ya moyo wonse. Chithandizo cha opaleshoni chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa odwala omwe samayankha mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Pali mankhwala ambiri a antiepileptic angonoangono omwe amatha kuteteza khunyu:

  • Mankhwala a antiepileptic okhala ndi mankhwala a carbamazepine atha kukhala opindulitsa pakukomoka kwa khunyu kuchokera kudera laubongo lomwe lili pansi pa mafupa osakhalitsa (temporal lobe). Popeza kuti mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwalawa amagwirizana ndi mankhwala ena ambiri, ndikofunika kudziwitsa madokotala za mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zaumoyo.
  • Mankhwala okhala ndi clobazam, chochokera ku benzodiazepine, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati palibe komanso kukomoka. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri za mankhwalawa, omwe ali ndi mphamvu zotsitsimula, zolimbitsa tulo komanso zotsutsana ndi nkhawa, ndikuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa ana aangono. Chisamaliro ayenera kumwedwa monga kwambiri thupi lawo siligwirizana, ngakhale osowa, zikhoza kuchitika pambuyo ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi yogwira zosakaniza.
  • Divalproex ndi mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito pa neurotransmitter yotchedwa gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza kusakhalapo, kuyangana, kuyangana kwakukulu kapena kugwidwa kangapo. Popeza GABA ndi chinthu chomwe chimalepheretsa ubongo, mankhwalawa angakhale opindulitsa poletsa kukomoka kwa khunyu.
  • Mankhwala omwe ali ndi ethosuximide amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kukomoka kulikonse.
  • Mtundu wina wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khunyu ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi gawo logwira ntchito la gabapentin. Chenjezo liyenera kuchitidwa ngati zotsatira zoyipa zitha kuchitika mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi gabapentin kuposa mankhwala ena oletsa khunyu.
  • Mankhwala okhala ndi phenobarbital, amodzi mwa mankhwala akale kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kukomoka kwa khunyu, amatha kukhala opindulitsa pakukomoka kwanthawi zonse, kwapakatikati komanso kwa tonic-clonic. Chizungulire chachikulu chikhoza kuchitika pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi phenobarbital, chifukwa ali ndi zotsatira zowononga nthawi yaitali kuphatikizapo anticonvulsant (kupewa-kupewa) zotsatira.
  • Mankhwala okhala ndi yogwira pophika phenytoin ndi mtundu wina wa mankhwala okhazikika nembanemba maselo minyewa ndipo wakhala ntchito antiepileptic mankhwala kwa zaka zambiri.

Kupatula mankhwalawa, mankhwala oletsa khunyu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe amagwidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khunyu limodzi komanso omwe amayamba kukomoka chifukwa chogwira ntchito kwambiri mmalo osiyanasiyana a ubongo:

  • Clonazepam ndi bezodiazepine yotumphukira antiepileptic mankhwala kuti amachita kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo akhoza zotchulidwa kupewa myoclonic ndi kusowa khunyu.
  • Mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala a Lamotrigine ali mgulu la mankhwala oletsa khunyu omwe amatha kukhala opindulitsa pamitundu yambiri ya khunyu. Chenjezo liyenera kuchitidwa ngati matenda osowa koma owopsa akhungu otchedwa Stevens-Johnson Syndrome angayambe atagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
  • Kukomoka komwe kumatenga mphindi zopitilira 5 kapena kuchitika motsatizana popanda nthawi yayitali pakati kumatanthauzidwa kuti "epilepticus". Mankhwala okhala ndi lorazepam, chinthu china chogwira ntchito chochokera ku benzodiazepines, angakhale opindulitsa poletsa kukomoka kwamtunduwu.
  • Mankhwala omwe ali ndi levetiracetam amapanga gulu lamankhwala lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamankhwala oyamba, okhazikika, osapezeka kapena mitundu ina yambiri ya khunyu. Chinthu chinanso chofunika kwambiri cha mankhwalawa, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mmagulu onse, ndi chakuti amayambitsa zotsatira zochepa kusiyana ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khunyu.
  • Kupatula mankhwalawa, mankhwala okhala ndi valproic acid, omwe amagwira ntchito pa GABA, alinso mgulu lamankhwala oletsa khunyu.

Kodi Munthu Amene Ali ndi Khunyu Angathandizidwe Bwanji?

Ngati wina ali ndi khunyu pafupi nanu, muyenera:

  • Choyamba, khalani chete ndipo muike wodwalayo pamalo omwe sangadzivulaze. Zingakhale bwino kuzitembenuzira chammbali.
  • Musayese kuletsa mwamphamvu kusuntha ndikutsegula nsagwada zake kapena kutulutsa lilime lake.
  • Masulani katundu wa wodwalayo monga malamba, mataye ndi mascarves.
  • Osayesa kummwetsa madzi, akhoza kumira.
  • Palibe chifukwa chotsitsimula munthu yemwe ali ndi khunyu.

Zinthu zomwe odwala matenda a khunyu ayenera kusamala nazo:

  • Imwani mankhwala anu munthawi yake.
  • Sungani khadi losonyeza kuti muli ndi khunyu.
  • Pewani kuchita zinthu monga kukwera mitengo kapena kupachikidwa pakhonde ndi mmabwalo.
  • Osasambira nokha.
  • Osamakhoma chitseko chaku bafa.
  • Musakhale pamaso pa kuwala kosalekeza, monga TV, kwa nthawi yaitali.
  • Mutha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma samalani kuti musakhale ndi madzi okwanira.
  • Pewani kutopa kwambiri ndi kusowa tulo.
  • Samalani kuti musamenyedwe kumutu.

Kodi Odwala Khunyu Sangachite Chiyani?

Odwala khunyu sangathe kugwira ntchito monga kuyendetsa ndege, kuthawa pansi, opaleshoni, kugwira ntchito ndi makina odula ndi kubowola, ntchito zomwe zimafuna kugwira ntchito pamtunda, kukwera mapiri, kuyendetsa galimoto, kuzimitsa moto, ndi apolisi ndi ntchito zankhondo zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala khunyu ayenera kudziwitsa malo awo antchito za matenda awo.