Kuchedwa kulankhula ndi kuyenda mochedwa mwa ana

Kuchedwa kulankhula ndi kuyenda mochedwa mwa ana

Kuchedwa kwachikulidwe kumatanthawuza kuti ana sangathe kumaliza magawo omwe amayembekezeredwa pa nthawi yake kapena kuwamaliza mochedwa. Polankhula za kuchedwa kwachitukuko, kukula kokha kwa thupi la mwanayo sikuyenera kuganiziridwa. Mlingo wa chitukuko mmadera monga maganizo, maganizo, chikhalidwe, magalimoto ndi chinenero ziyenera kuwonedwa ndikuwunikidwa.

Normal chitukuko ndondomeko ya ana

Ziwalo zofunika pakulankhula kwa ana obadwa kumene sizinakule mokwanira kuti zisamayende bwino. Ana amatha masiku ambiri akumvetsera mawu a amayi awo. Komabe, amafotokozerabe zofuna zawo zosiyanasiyana kudzera mmawu osiyanasiyana akulira, kuseka ndi mawu mchilankhulo chawo. Makolo amene amatsatira kwambiri kakulidwe ka ana awo amatha kuzindikira mavuto omwe angakhalepo monga kuyankhula mochedwa komanso kuyenda mochedwa mnthawi yake. Kupanga mawu opanda tanthauzo ndi kuseka ndiko kuyesa koyamba kwa makanda kuyankhula. Nthawi zambiri, makanda amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawu atanthauzo akakwanitsa chaka chimodzi, ndipo kuphunzira mawu atsopano kumafulumira kuyambira mwezi wa 18. Panthawi imeneyi, kukula kwa mawu a makanda kumawonedwanso. Asanakwanitse zaka 2, ana amagwiritsa ntchito manja ndi mawu, koma akakwanitsa zaka ziwiri amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito manja pangono ndi kufotokoza maganizo awo ndi ziganizo. Ana akafika zaka za 4-5, amatha kufotokozera zofuna zawo ndi zosowa zawo kwa akuluakulu mu ziganizo zazitali komanso zovuta popanda zovuta ndipo amatha kumvetsa mosavuta zochitika ndi nkhani zowazungulira. Kukula kwakukulu kwa magalimoto a ana kungasiyanenso. Mwachitsanzo, makanda ena amayamba ali ndi chaka chimodzi, ndipo ana ena amayamba pamene ali ndi miyezi 15-16. Nthawi zambiri makanda amayamba kuyenda pakati pa miyezi 12 ndi 18.

Kodi ndi liti pamene ana ayenera kuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi vuto la kulankhula mochedwa ndi kuyenda mochedwa?

Ana akuyenera kuwonetsa luso lawo loyankhula ndi kuyenda mmiyezi 18-30 yoyambirira. Ana omwe angakhale kumbuyo kwa anzawo pa luso lina akhoza kukhala ndi luso monga kudya, kuyenda ndi chimbudzi, koma kulankhula kwawo kungachedwe. Nthawi zambiri, ana onse amakhala ndi magawo ofanana akukula. Komabe, ana ena akhoza kukhala ndi nthawi yakukula kwapadera, choncho angayambe kulankhula mofulumira kapena mochedwa kuposa anzawo. Mkafukufuku wokhudza vuto la kulankhula mochedwa, zatsimikiziridwa kuti ana amene ali ndi vuto la chinenero ndi kulankhula amagwiritsira ntchito mawu ochepa. Pamene chinenero cha mwana chadziŵika ndi vuto la kulankhula, mpamene chithandizo chake chingakhale chofulumira. Ngati mwanayo akukula pangonopangono kusiyana ndi anzake azaka zapakati pa 24 ndi 30 ndipo sangathe kutseka kusiyana pakati pa iye ndi ana ena, vuto lake la kulankhula ndi chinenero lingakule. Vutoli likhoza kukhala lovuta kwambiri pophatikizana ndi zovuta zamaganizo ndi zamagulu. Ngati ana amalankhula ndi aphunzitsi awo kuposa anzawo a mmasukulu a ana a sukulu za ana aangono, akumapeŵa kuseŵera ndi ana ena, ndipo amavutika kufotokoza zakukhosi kwawo, dokotala wodziŵa bwino ayenera kufunsa dokotala. Momwemonso, ngati mwana wa miyezi 18 sanayambe kuyenda, sakukwawa, sakuimirira pogwira chinthu, kapena sakukankha ndi miyendo yake atagona, ayenera kuganiziridwa kuti akuchedwa kuyenda. ayenera kukaonana ndi dokotala.

Kuchedwa kulankhula ndi kuyenda mochedwa ana kungakhale zizindikiro za matenda?

Mavuto azachipatala omwe amapezeka asanabadwe, panthawi yobereka komanso pambuyo pake amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakukula kwa mwana. Mavuto monga kagayidwe kachakudya matenda, ubongo matenda, minofu matenda, matenda ndi kubadwa msanga mu mwana wosabadwayo zimakhudza osati galimoto chitukuko cha mwana komanso kukula kwake lonse. Mavuto akukula monga Down syndrome, cerebral palsy, ndi muscular dystrophy angayambitse ana kuyenda mochedwa. Zovuta mu chinenero ndi kulankhula luso anaona ana ndi minyewa mavuto monga hydrocephalus, sitiroko, khunyu, chidziwitso matenda ndi matenda monga autism. Ana amene amafika miyezi 18 ndipo amavutika kusewera ndi ana ena ndipo sangathe kufotokoza maganizo awo akhoza kunenedwa kuti ali ndi vuto la kulankhula ndi chinenero, koma mavutowa amawonekanso ngati zizindikiro za autism. Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa zovuta zoyenda ndi kulankhula komanso kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kungathandize kuthetsa mavutowo mwachangu.